Lecture 1             Key Terms

Introduction

 American Civil War:  April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865

 United States

  • 120,000 killed in action
  • 240,000 died of other causes

~360,000 TOTAL Union dead and/or missing

 

Confederate States

  • 95,000 killed in action
  • 165,000 died of other causes
  • ~260,000 TOTAL Confederate dead and/or missing.

~620,000 Union and Confederate soldiers

 William Seward

 Historiography 

‘irrepressible-conflict’ 

“Future Shock” 

agricultural vs industrial civilization

economic determinism

Second American Revolution

Hacker-Beard Thesis

free-labor ideal

ethno-cultural divide

neo-Confederate

revisionists

Constitutional Federalism vs State Rights

 

The History of the Slave Trade

  • 1520 - 1870:  40,000 slave shipments between Africa and the Western Hemisphere

  • 11 million African slaves transported of which 9.5 million survived the voyage. 

  • Approximately 15 percent of slaves die – 15 percent of European crews die as well

  • 361,000 (3.8 percent) to mainland North America - primarily Virginia and Carolinas  

  • 4 million were transported to Brazil (by Portugal);
    2.5 million to the Spanish Empire including Cuba (by Spain); 
    2 million to the British West Indies, Barbados and Jamaica (by Britain);
    1.2 million to the French West Indies     (by France);
    remaining to Dutch East Indies and Europe (by Netherlands, Danes, Swedes, and others)

Link:  slave trade maps

St. Paul  (Ephesians 6:5)  “...be obedient to them that are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in singleness of your heart, as unto Christ.”

Servus

St. Bathilde

Ashanti Confederacy

Timbuktu

  • 1710 European slave traders paid £17 pounds per slave ($2,700 today)

  • 1760  £20 pounds  ($3,200)

  • Slaves sold for £28 – £35  ( $4,480 - $5,600) in Virginia 1700-1750

Captain John Hawkins 1562

Royal African Company (RAC)

Slave Code

South Seas Company

Bence Island (Bunce Island)  

Slaves transported into the Thirteen Colonies (primarily Virginia and the Carolinas  

  • 1700-1725:    37,000

  • 1726-1750:    96,000

  • 1751-1775:  116,900

  • total of 263,200 prior to American Revolution of 1776

Quakers (Religious Society of Friends)

Enlightenment

Justinian Code (Justinian's Institutes)

Sir William Blackstone

Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-1769)

Granville Sharp

Habeas Corpus Act 1679

Jonathan Strong Case

James Sommerset v. Charles Stewart

Lord Chief Justice Mansfield

“Mansfield Decision” (1772)

Continental Congress (1774)

slave boycott

Zong

Gregson v. Gilbert (1783)

Abolition of the Slave Trade Act (1807)

Slavery Abolition Act (1833)